National Flag and National Symbols
The national Flag (Tricolour) is rectangular in shape and consist of three colours (Deep Saffron, White and Green). The Tricolour Flag is describing the glory of our nation. It symbolizes the freedom and dominion status of India. It represent India’s cultural and religious harmony. It is commonly referred to as “Tiranga” The ratio of the length of the Flag to its width is 3:2. The colour of the top band/stripe is deep Saffron (Symbol of Sacrifice), the middle band is White (Symbol of Peace and Truth) and the bottom is Green (Symbol of Fertility and Progress).
In the centre of the White band is a Navy Blue Wheel which represents the Chakra. It has 24 spokes and its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. It is the symbol of Justice. The national flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. The Present design of the national flag was adopted by the constituent assembly on 22 July, 1947. The description of the importance of three colours and a wheel (Chakra) in our national flag by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan is mentioned in the flag code of India.
| National Flag | Tricolour | Symbol of freedom & dominion status of India; designed by Pingali Venkayya; adopted by constituent assembly on 22 July, 1947. |
| Top Band | Deep Saffron | Symbol of Sacrifice |
| Middle Band | White | Symbol of Peace & Truth |
| Bottom Band | Green | Symbol of Fertility & Progress |
| Wheel/Chakra (24 Spokes) | Navy Blue | Symbol of Justice; in the centre of middle white band, |
The State Emblem is an adoption from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. It was adopted by the Government of India on 26 January, 1950. The word “Satyamev Jayate” from Mundaka Upanishad is inscribed at the bottom in Devnagari Script. The National Anthem of India “Jana Gana Mana…” was officially adopted by the constituent assembly on 24th January, 1950. It was first sung on 27th December, 1911 at Kolkata session of Indian National Congress (Presided by- Pt. Vishan Narayan Dutt). It is taken from Geetanjali authored by Rabindra Nath Tagore. The playing time duration of full version is approximately 52 seconds.
The song “Vande Mataram” was adopted as National Song by the constituent assembly on 26th January, 1950. It is taken from the novel “Anand Math” authored by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. It was first sung at the 1896 session of the INC (Chairman- Rahimtulla Sayani). The National Calendar based on the Saka era (First month- Chaitra & Last- Falgun) was adopted on 22nd March, 1957 along with the Gregarian calendar.
| National Flag | adopted on 22nd July, 1947; Rectangular Shape; Tricolour |
| State Emblem | adopted on 26th January, 1950 |
| National Motto | “Satyamev Jayate”; Mundaka Upanishad, Devnagari Script |
| National Song (“Vande Mataram”) | adopted on 26th January, 1950; Anand Math novel, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee; first sung at 1896 session of INC |
| National Anthem (“Jana Gana Mana”) | adopted on 24th January, 1950; Geetanjali, Rabindra Nath Tagore; |
| National Calendar | adopted on 22nd March, 1957; Saka era |
| National Days | Independence Day (15 August), Republic Day (26 January) & Gandhi Jayanti (2nd October) |
| National River of India | Ganga River; declared in 2008 |
The Nation Flower of India is Lotus (Scientific name- Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn). The National Fruit is Mango (Scientific name- Magnifera Indica). The National Tree is the Banyan tree (Scientific name- Ficus Benyhalensis). The national animal is the magnificent Tiger (Scientific name- Panthera Tigiris). The National Bird is the Indian Peacock (Scientific name- Pavo Cristatus). The National Aquatic animal is the mammal Ganges River Dolphin (Scientific name- Platanista Gangetica).
| National Symbol | Name | Scientific Name |
| The National Flower | Lotus | Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn |
| The National Fruit | Mango | Magnifera Indica |
| The National Tree | Banyan | Ficus Benyhalensis |
| The National animal | Tiger | Panthera Tigiris |
| The National Bird | Peacock | Pavo Cristatus |
| The National Aquatic animal | Ganges River Dolphin | Platanista Gangetica |
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